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  Phase II Environmental Site Investigations

When a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) report finds a historical or current "Recognized Environmental Condition," (REC), a Phase II Environmental Site Investigation may be recommended depending on the nature of the REC.

The Phase II Site Investigation is conducted to screen the soil and/or groundwater at a Property for potential significant contamination, or environmental liabilities, whether regulatory-mandated cleanups or toxic tort liabilities.

  What is a Phase II Site Investigation ?

The Phase II Site Investigation characterizes the extent and degree of potential soil and groundwater contamination stemming from the RECs found in the Phase I ESA.

When should a Phase II Site Investigation be conducted ?

Whenever a Phase I ESA determines that there is one or more existing RECs for a Property, or when the owner suspects or knows of a potentially hazardous environmental or health condition existing on a Property, a Phase II SIte Investigation should be performed. This is done to in order to determine if regulated substances have been release into the soil or groundwater.

Non-disclosure (hiding) of known environmental conditions from potential buyers, renters, tenants, or lessors can lead to serious consequenses including lawsuits.

What does a Phase II Site Investigation include ?

Phase II Site Investigations typically employ a soil and/or groundwater sampling device. Depending on the sample location and depth, three methods of sample retrieval may be used: 1) a truck-mounted drill rig (direct push or hollow stem auger) to collect deep samples or install temporary groundwater monitoring wells; 2) a limited-access rig to collect samples in tight or interior locations, and/or 3) a hand auger to collect shallow samples.

After sampling, the soil and/or groundwater samples are labeled and delivered to a certified laboratory for analysis. The analyses performed will depend on the nature of the suspected material release.

Who can perform a Phase II Site Investigation ?

A Phase II Site Investigation should be performed by a professional who is experienced in geology, subsurface contaminant movement, and soil and groundwater sampling procedures. In addition, the Phase II Site Investigation should be managed by a professional having a minimum of a Masters in Geology, and preferably a Professional Geologist (P.G.) or Professional Engineer (P.E.) Certification.

What standards control the performance and scope of a Phase II Site Investigation ?

Numerous ASTM standards are related to the performance of Phase II Site Investigations, and include:

ASTM E 1903-97 (2002) Standard Guide for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment.

ASTM D3550-01 - Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils

ASTM D5903-96 (2006) - Standard Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwater Sampling Event

ASTM D6001-05 - Standard Guide for Direct-Push Water Sampling for Geoenvironmental Investigations

ASTM D6282-98 (2005) - Standard Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations

ASTM D6724-04 - Standard Guide for Installation of Direct Push Ground Water Monitoring Wells

How much does a Phase II Site Investigation cost ?

The cost to perform a Phase II Environmental Site Investigation is based on a number of variables including: the location, size of the Property, type of suspected contaminant, depth to groundwater, number and type of analyses, etc.

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